Friday, June 1, 2012
POST #1: BIBLICAL ALLUSIONS IN THE OLD MAN & THE SEA (July 11-15)
Santiago has often been referenced as a "Christ-like figure" in Hemingway's novel. What Biblical allusions can you find that parallel either Santiago as a "Christ-like figure" or to Santiago's struggle with the fish or to something completely separate? When you find your allusion(s), please reference page numbers so the rest of us can follow along! I will post some additional information about Hemingway's "Code Hero." This information might provide some enlightenment when you are searching for your allusion.
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One of the first things I noticed was that the young boy, Manolin, seems to “follow” Santiago. He is a role model to Manolin, and shows him important things involving their way of life, in the same ways Jesus taught and preached to His disciples. On pages ten and eleven, we see that the boy has been helping the old man with his fishing for quite a long time. When other fishermen made fun of Santiago, he did not react, teaching the young boy through his actions, as opposed to through words.
ReplyDeleteSantiago was on the boat for three days, which compares to the three days Christ was in the grave. While trying to catch the fish, the old man’s hands were significantly injured, just as Jesus’s hands were pierced on the cross. After Santiago caught the fish and got into the dock, he had to carry the mast of the boat up to his house (resting five times before reaching his home)(page 121). This is similar to Christ carrying His cross to Golgotha (although He did not take it all the way).
The allusions you found were very similar to mine! I didn't notice the last one about Santiago carrying the mast of the boat to his house, which is a very big allusion, like you said, to Christ carrying the cross. I think you did a great job evaluating the text!
DeleteYour blog post is very well written and provides a lot of insight! The allusions you found were similar to mine, but you also had some that I never even thought about! I forgot about Santiago resting 5 times while carrying the marlin to his boat house, which is a huge allusion. Well done.
DeleteYour post was very well written. When I first read that section of the book, I didn’t make the connection between Santiago carrying the mast and Christ carrying the cross, you made a very good connection there. To make another connection to the relationship between Santiago and his apprentice Manolin, I realized that Peter was also a fisherman and a disciple of Jesus, similarly to the relationship between the two characters in the novel. Also, Peter denied Christ three times, but ultimately did not separate himself from Christ. In The Old Man and the Sea, Manolin is separated from Santiago for some time, yet always remains faithful to his mentor.
DeleteYou did a very good job writing your post. While I read the book, I did not realize the connection between Santiago being on the boat for three days and Jesus being dead for three days. I agree that Santiago is a role model to Manolin, much like Jesus to the disciples.
DeleteAfter reading The Old Man and the Sea once, it was not completely evident that the book was a religious allegory. But, after reevaluating the text, multiple allusions that hold a connection to religion and Christ can be noted. In the text, the old man, Santiago, can be interpreted as Christ. There are multiples examples of this. One example is that while trying to bring in the great marlin, wounds were inflicted on Santiago’s palms by the fishing line (page 83). This resembles the wounds inflicted on the palms of Jesus as he was crucified. Also, the sharks’ attack on the skiff resulted in Santiago letting out sounds comparable to someone being crucified. Hemingway wrote “There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood” (Hemingway 105). When Santiago returns to land (page 121), he carries the mast onto land which resembles Christ bearing his crucifix. By the last page, Santiago was finally able to sleep in his bed while his position is comparable to Christ’s position on the cross. Throughout the novella Santiago is just generally a representation of being able to come back from an impossibly difficult situation; just as Christ persevered through a terrible death but was resurrected.
ReplyDeleteYou've pointed out some really descriptive allusions. I didn't notice the last one of Santiago laying on his bed in a similar position of Christ on the cross. I feel like that part symbolizes loss and defeat just like it did for Christ. If the story were to continue, I would predict that Santiago would have some better luck and be resurrected like Christ was. I also didn't catch the allusion about the wounds on Santiago's hands that were inflicted by the rope the Marlin was on. Overall you did a really good and thorough job!
DeleteYou did a good job describing your allusions! You seemed to have a good insight about the book, your response helped me understand the biblical point of view. I agree the wounds resemble Christ bing crucified, but as Sam, I also did not notice the position Santiago was laying in the was similar to Christ. Good job with your descriptive details!
DeleteIn the later stages of The Old Man and the Sea, many sections of the text can be interpreted as Biblical allusions. Perhaps the most obvious of these allusions occurs on page 107: “‘Ay’ he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood.” These sentences, describing Santiago’s reaction to seeing two sharks approach the marlin, clearly allude to Christ’s crucifixion on the cross. In a similar way, Santiago’s hand injuries also can be related to the Biblical crucifixion. Additionally, at one point it is remarked that the ship is able to sail much more smoothly without the weight of the marlin after the sharks eat much of it. Thus, the marlin could be seen as representative of the weight of sin carried by humanity, which, although painful for Jesus to bear and Santiago to witness, allowed the ship and humanity to continue more freely. Finally, during his battle with the marlin, Santiago exemplifies Christ’s teaching to love your enemies; for instance, on page 92, he says to the fish, “Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother.” This statement shows his deep respect for his adversary, even as both are fighting to survive.
ReplyDeleteIn response to Ryan's comment, I agree that the marlin represented the sins of humanity, although I hadn't thought of that when reading through the book. I'm coming to realize that the allusions in the book are not in a random order, but instead are put together to represent the Christ's journey to the cross. In the beginning we see Manolin as a "disciple" of Santiago. Santiago then takes three days to catch his fish, which compares to the sins of the world. After the fish is taken by the sharks, Santiago goes home, carrying the mast (like Jesus carrying His cross), up to his house. When the old man finally lays down in his bed, his body position mirrors that of Jesus on the cross.
DeleteThese were really good allusions. I agree with Faith that I didn't think about the weight of the marlin being the sins carried by humanity. Also, your allusion about loving enemies never even crossed my mind. It shows that Santiago did have respect for the fish, much like Christ having respect to everyone even those that have hurt him.
DeleteYour response was very good. During the story I never thought of the marlin as a metaphor for the sins of the world. I thought the sharks displayed the sinners, as they defeated Santiago and his treasure. Just as the sinners in Jesus's time killed him on the cross. However, your connection is clear as well, because without the heavy weight of the fish, it was a lighter load for Santiago to bear on his back. Which enlightens another allusion where Jesus had to bear the sins of the world on his back just as Santiago had to bear the weight of the fish on his. They both, however, remained strong throughout their circumstances.
DeleteIn Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea many biblical allusions were displayed throughout the book. Santiago was displayed as a Christ-like figure in ways including his thoughts and his actions. While out in his boat, Santiago talked about sin frequently. He considered weather killing the marlin was a sin even though he was only killing it to keep him alive, and for the wellbeing of the others. “Perhaps it is a sin to kill the fish. I suppose it was even though I did it to keep me alive and feed many people. But then everything is a sin” (Hemingway, 105). Santiago seemed unsure whether or not he wanted to kill the fish. Several times he would refer the fish as his brother. He was kindhearted to all living things; just like Jesus Christ.
ReplyDeleteAs Santiago struggled to fight off the sharks he says, “Ay”. “There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood” (Hemingway, 107). This is a direct allusion to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. This also leads to Santiago, beaten and exhausted, carrying the mast of his boat to his hut. He had to stop five times along the way. This may be a representation of Jesus carrying his cross over his shoulders to his crucifixion. Santiago showed that he was a Christ-like figure in his words and in his actions.
You made some really good connections to the book. I missed the part that related to the crucifixion, but now seeing that you mentioned it I can see the allusion clearly. You have a good insight on the book and pointed out some good allusions.
DeleteIn Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" there were many biblical allusions shown throughout the book. Santiago is portrayed as a Christ-like figure not only by his own actions, but by others too. The boy, Manolin, urges Santiago to teach him his ways. "But we will fish together now for I still have much to learn" (Hemingway, 125). This can be connected to the bible because it represents Santiago as Jesus Christ, and Manolin as a disciple of Jesus Christ. Santiago suffers a great amount throughout his days out at sea. The old man had cuts on his hands from the line, and a sore back. “I could not fail myself and die on a fish like this” (Hemingway, 87). After reading, the reader can infer that Santiago is much like Jesus Christ because just like Jesus, the suffering that the old man endured, the suffering ends with a more symbolic exultance. Santiago was shown as a Christ-like figure in many ways.
ReplyDeleteErnest Hemingway wrote many books that could be considered classics, one of them being “The Old Man and the Sea”. Throughout the book, Hemingway inserts information that rehearse passages of the Bible. Near the end of the book, while Santiago was waiting for another shark Hemingway states, “ “Ay,” he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood.” (page 107). This statement is obviously relating Santiago’s current situation to Jesus’ crucifixion. Another way Hemingway intelligently describes facts from the crucifixion is when Santiago finally gets back to the harbor and he has to carry the mast back to his home. He falls several times before finally getting to his shack. Lastly, when he finally gets to rest he laid down in the same position that Jesus was nailed to the cross. “He pulled the blanket over his shoulders and then over his back and legs and he slept face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight and the palms of his hands up.” (pages 121-122). Due to the clever way that Ernest Hemingway embedded religious symbolism into “The Old Man and the Sea”, makes this text a classic.
ReplyDeleteIn, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway inserted many biblical allusions throughout the book. Santiago is an old man, but had young eyes. No matter how defeated he was, he seemed to never show any negativity and looked for the positive in things. After Santiago catches the marlin and the sharks attack it, he simply says, “But she’s much lighter now,” (Hemingway 111). These traits make Santiago a Christ-like figure. In the novel, there are many references to the crucifixion of Jesus. As Santiago first spots the sharks that will eat his fish, Hemingway writes, “"Ay," he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood,” (Hemingway 107). In a moment of failure, Santiago is linked with the figure of Christ at his crucifixion. Also, Santiago’s injured hands emphasize the meaning of this quote. Lastly, Santiago returned to land and immediately slept with his face down, arms out straight, and the palms of his hands turned upward (Hemingway 122). This is the same way Christ is positioned on the wooden cross.
ReplyDeleteYou have some very intriguing information, but I am wondering how your first quote from page 111 correlates to the bible. For example, later in your response you relate Santiago’s situation to Jesus’ crucifixion. Does the quote relate to Jesus’ crucifixion as well or simply his character traits such as his acuminous nature and determination? Also, I would just like to add another detail about the crucifixion and Santiago’s struggle. As he’s walking back to his shack he is also carrying the mast from his boat. He struggles to carry it just as Jesus did carrying the cross. “He had to sit down five times before he reached his shack,” (page 121). A mast could be in the same shape as a cross as well. Personally, if I looked out a window and saw that image, it would immediately strike me as Jesus walking up to where he was crucified.
DeleteIn the book, The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago has biblical allusions throughout the entire story. However, as I kept doing my research, I started to realize that Santiago and the whole book could be a biblical allusion to what Jesus went through. In the beginning of the book, on page nine, it tells of Santiago being a salao, which is the worst form of unlucky because he has gone 84 days without taking a fish. Also, the narrator tells us of his deep wrinkles and deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish. Santiago getting older and unlucky is an allusion to Jesus when he was was getting beat up for claiming to be the son of God. Nobody believed Christ except for the disciples, who were much like Manolin, because Manolin was the only one that believed Santiago could catch his great fish after 84 days. Then, during Santiago’s struggle, on page 107, there is a paragraph that starts out with Santiago screaming, “Ay.” The narrator explains this noise as, “...perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands into the wood.” This is a very big allusion because on the day that Christ was crucified, they nailed his hands and feet to the cross. The third allusion is Santiago’s great fight with his marlin. Santiago was fighting this fish and sharks for three days straight. That was the same amount of time that Jesus spent in his tomb before he resurrected. Everyone thought that Jesus was dead, which is most likely what the people at the fishing village thought when Santiago never returned from his first night. Lastly, on page 120, Santiago made it back to the village with only the skeleton of his marlin. Everyone was in awe over this great catch and Santiago finally proved that he could still find the strength to catch a fish this big. In the bible, Jesus resurrected and showed everyone that he truly was the son of God.
ReplyDeleteI love how you stepped back and looked at the whole book as an allusion, instead of just bits and pieces. I didn't catch some of the allusions, like the part of Santiago proving he was still strong by catching the fish and Christ proving that he was the Son of God, but now i see them. You made some really good connections!
DeleteI did not realize that the story could be seen in chronological order to Jesus's life. After reading your comment, however; I know that I was incorrect in thinking the story's allusions were mixed up. Also, you did a great job on pointing out a variety of biblical allusions in depth. Such as the one where you connected Santiago and Jesus with their proof of greatness. Great job on your connections!
DeleteIn “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway, the main character Santiago has many metaphorical similarities to Christ. One parallel that popped out to me immediately was how Santiago’s hands were badly hurt while battling the fish, and how Christ’s hands were pierced paying for the sins of the world. “‘Ay’ he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood.” (page 107). This quote almost directly connects the two by comparing the nail being driven through Christ’s hands to the old man’s struggles. In addition, Santiago was poor, but he was very wise, and he respected and loved even his adversary, the fish. “’Fish,’ he said, ‘I love you and respect you very much. But I will kill you before this day ends.’” (page 54). This is comparable to Christ, as he did not have physical treasures during his time on earth, but he loved even the dirtiest sinner. Ernest Hemingway made Santiago comparable to Christ through his words and actions throughout the book.
ReplyDeleteMany times throughout The Old Man and The Sea, the main character, Santiago, displayed the same actions and characteristics of Jesus Christ. For example, Santiago displayed true courage throughout his journey out in the sea. He was brave as he sailed into the deep waters, hopeful for a good find, and bold as he caught a big marlin. Jesus portrays the same characteristics as he is sent into the earth. He was brave to come into the sinful earth, hopeful for souls, and bold to proclaim his love when people were interested. In the novel, the old man portrays his strong love for the ocean even though, he states, others do not. For example, Hemingway writes “He always thought of the sea as la mar which is what people call her in Spanish when they love her.” (Page 29) This sentence also connects to Jesus, as Jesus loved the earth just as the old man loved the ocean. In addition, the occurrences of Santiago’s life are similar to the occurrences of Jesus’s life. For example, they were both fishermen. The boy was a clear character that was disguised as a disciple. In the bible, Jesus told his disciples to leave everything and follow him. Although Santiago did not command that, the boy claimed that he wanted to be like the old man and he followed him. During the story, Santiago cut his hands on the rope, drawing obvious similarities to the nailing of Jesus’ hands on the cross. Furthermore, when Santiago returned home defeated, he took his mast and started to walk home. Many times throughout his walk, the old man fell. This is the same thing that happened when Jesus took up his cross to Golgotha. Finally, the old man “slept face down on the newspaper with his arms straight and the palms of his hands up. (122)” This was the same way that Jesus lied on the the cross. Likewise, as the disciples cried after Jesus’s death, Manolin “all the way down the road was crying (122)” after the defeat of the old man. Hemingway did not necessarily make the allusions to Christ obvious, because the events of the old man did not follow the chronological order of Jesus’ life. With much research and thought, however; this simple story contained a depth and variety of strong biblical allusions.
ReplyDeleteIn Faith Victa's response, she mentions that Santiago slept in the position that Jesus would have died on the cross in. After he fell asleep, the old man does not appear to do anything meaningful, in the same way that Jesus disappeared and only was known to be alive by his inner circle, his secrecy extending to the point where he doesn't even appear in the normal ending of Mark. For this assignment, it is impressive that Faith Victa managed to avoid the easy comparison between Santiago and Jesus within the explanation of "Ay".
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DeleteFaith's post was really eyeopening and insightful. I never thought of how Santiago reacted towards the fisherman, would affect Manolin. He's a great role model for Manolin. I have one question though. While trying to capture the marlin, Santiago would always wish for the boy as seen on page 62. Why do you think he did that?
FROM MADDIE:
DeleteYou had a very well-rounded response. At the beginning of your response, you mentioned how Santiago's journey into the deep sea is comparable to Jesus's journey on the Earth. I completely agree with that comparison. We identified many of the same allusion. One of the allusions that I missed that you had mentioned in your response was the quote about "la mar" and how Santiago's love for the ocean is like the love that Jesus has for the Earth. Overall I thuroughly enjoyed your response and think you touched on many key biblical allusions that could be found in the text.
In Enerest Hemingway's classic novel,The Old Man and the Sea, biblical allusions are displayed throughout the book. The main character, Santiago is referred to as a christ like figure in many ways. After reading the first couple of chapters, I came to realize Manolin looks up to Santiago as a father like figure. Jesus is a role model and leader to His disciples and that is comparable to Santiago and Manolin's relationship. In pages 11-14, Manolin shows signs of loyalty and cares for Santiago in his old age. Even though he has ran out of "luck" and gets made fun of, he still shows his determination and positivety. On page 11, Santiago had no anger when the fishermen made fun of him, in my opinion that demonstrates a strong characteristic that emerges as a Christ like figure. His determination, positivety, and strong leadership shows even through his mental and physical pain.
ReplyDeleteErnest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea is a novel that is loved by many, which is understandable, even though the actual storyline is a bit dull. Unlike most novels, which are loved for the way they keep readers in suspense, The Old Man and the Sea is loved because it is rich with complex themes, hidden meanings, and most of all, Biblical allusions. Throughout the book, these allusions are told through the main character, Santiago and his struggle to catch a large marlin. During this struggle, readers learn important information about Santiago which shows his similarities to God. For example, he was a selfless man who kept a positive outlook through each of his difficulties that he faces throughout the book, such as, not bringing limes or salt on his fishing trip, not having enough water, or even when he thought he could never catch the marlin. He never showed defeat during each of these hardships. Another way that Santiago shows godlike characteristics is through his relationship with the boy he mentors, Manolin. Manolin acts as a “son” to Santiago, much like the relationship between Jesus and God. Like Jesus, Manolin is taught a specific trade by his mentor and plans to live the way Santiago does. Eventually, Manolin even leaves his family to follow in Santiago’s footsteps as a fisherman, the same way Jesus was resurrected to Heaven help his Father rule. However, the most important and obvious similarity between Jesus and Manolin is that Manolin directly translates to Messiah, proving that he was legitimately modeled after Jesus. The final allusion found in The Old Man and the Sea is the references to Easter and the resurrection of Jesus. Symbolic of Good Friday is the day that Santiago hooked his fish, as the hook that went through the mouth of the fish alludes to the nails in Jesus’s hands during the crucifixion. The next day, Santiago waited for the fish to rise to the top of the water so that he would be able to catch it. On this day, he also said ten Hail Marys and ten Our Fathers, which represents the way Jesus’s followers prayed for his resurrection. Finally, on “Easter Sunday,” the fish rose to the top of the water the same way that Jesus rose to Heaven. This novel has many Biblical allusions and it is fascinating to realize them and connect them to each other. The Old Man and the Sea is a book that should be read by all people.
ReplyDeleteIn Anna's post, she compares characters from The Old Man And The Sea to people in The Bible. However, she took a strange, yet unique turn when she compared Santiago to God rather than to Jesus. She also went as far as to compare Manolin to Jesus, which allowed her to point out things that would never have lined up otherwise. When analyzed this way, a reader could make a few further connections. Primarily, that God does not believe in a higher being, which is similar to Santiago as he stated that he was not religious. Another connection is that the old man caught the marlin on one of the baits that Manolin gave him, in the same way that God would collect every soul from what Jesus had influenced on earth. This leads to a final possible connection, where rather than the event of beating the fish being the resurrection, it is the day of rapture. Those are a few connections that a reader may be able to draw from Anna's unique perspective.
DeleteWithin Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man And The Sea, there was a multitude of likenesses between Santiago and Jesus Christ. In The Old Man And The Sea, the old man had a boy who faithfully followed him, a lot of fishermen who doubted him, and a hand that betrayed him (Hemingway 61). Likewise, Jesus was faithfully followed by Peter, doubted by Thomas, and betrayed by Judas Iscariot, who were all fishermen. Plot-wise, there were also many similarities. Both protagonists embarked on a journey where they were tempted, but overcame the temptation whether it was the devil or the desire to rest (Hemingway 89). After defeating their adversary, each briefly walked in glory until they were overcome by a different enemy which caused them to effectively disappear. Additionally, there was a reference to the crucification within “feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood,” which was used to explain the meaning behind Santiago saying, “Ay” (Hemingway 107). These similarities between The Bible and The Old Man And The Sea are more than enough to describe Santiago as a “Christ-like figure.”
ReplyDeleteYour response explained the similarities very well! The idea that Peter, Thomas, and Judas were all fisherman and compared in this way was completely unnoticed by me. I almost feel that the "feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood" was an almost too noticeable and obvious for Hemingway to subtly add to the comparison of Santiago to Christ. On another note, your point that both overcame their adversaries was not particularly agreeable to me. I believe that although Santiago lasted the entire journey without rest he still succumbed to it in the end.
DeleteIn The Old Man and the Sea there are numerous connections between Santiago and Jesus. The first I noticed was the manner that Manolin acted towards him. He is eager and willing to be his follower and to carry on his teachings after his death. However, his parents try to decompose these emotions and forbid him from allowing any of these emotions to come to light (Pg 9). This does not seem to affect Manolin; he allows his profound adoration for the old man to remain strong. The other fishermen, who represent those who do not follow his teachings, do not show such adoration. As far as Santiago himself, his determination to defeat the fish never cedes, and the very same follows with the various sharks, the first attack being on page 100. He returns without as much as a shred of the fish's once glorious body but is not bothered at all, as would have been the case for Jesus.
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ReplyDeleteThroughout Ernest Hemingway’s classic novel, The Old Man and the Sea,it was a very dull story. Although, it is seen to some as an allegory connecting the main character, Santiago, to Jesus. After careful examinations and multiple readings, some allusions stood out. One of them is the relationship between Santiago and the ocean creatures. He refers to them as friends and brothers, but ends up hunting them. Santiago expressed, “Fish, you are going to have to die anyway. Do you have to kill me too?” (Hemingway 92). In addition, he thinks to himself, “You are killing me, fish... But you have a right to. Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or more noble thing than you, brother. Come on and kill me. I do not care who kills who” (Hemingway 92). The old man has an unusual brotherly love towards the ocean and its creatures. It’s a natural instinct to kill or be killed. Another allusion is DiMaggio’s bone spur. Santiago relates his physical pain from trying to catch the big fish to DiMaggio’s bone spur. The bone spur can be seen as a motivating factor for Santiago against the hardships imposed by the fish. He often thinks, “I never had a bone spur,” implying that he could have it worse. Lastly Santiago’s perseverance alludes a quote from the bible, “Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God” (Hebrews 12:12). The old man’s patience and perseverance can be seen on page 32, “He looked down into the water and watched the lines... He kept them straighter than anyone did.” Also it is seen when he patiently waited for the fish. Santiago withstood physical pain, hunger, and thirst throughout his trip, which makes him resemble a Christlike figure.
When I first began reading The Old Man and the Sea I was not under the impression that the book related in any way to the Bible or to Jesus Christ. After re-reading and evaluating the text, many things came through to me. The first connection I saw was when I read of Santiago’s injured and worn hands. This relates to how Jesus’ hands were badly injured from carrying the cross to Calvary and from having his hands nailed to the cross.Santiago also says "Ay," and the narrator says perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood.”(P.107) A second direct relation with the cross is when Santiago carries the mast up the hill to his shack, falling multiple times.(P.121) This is the same with Jesus as he falls three times carrying the cross. A third connection that took more analysis was the connections between beating death. In the Bible, Jesus is crucified, dies and is buried, only to rise three days later, thereby beating death. He rose from the dead and his teachings continued on. The same goes for Santiago. While Santiago’s physical life is coming to and end, his teachings will continue on past death through Manolin.
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